To be sure, the throughput and data innovations, once they were sorted out and functioning, were very useful to the scientific community. But they ought to have been developed in parallel to, rather than in place of, scientific advances. Many, many users were disaffected as actually getting into the queues and running began to take second and third place to everything else.

There is a limit to the extent to which any discipline that calls itself “X science” partakes of the scientific, whether it be “political science,” “social science,” or, sorry dear friends, “computer science.” When computer science ruled, biology, chemistry, and physics at the centers suffered. A lot of this was obscured by the constant growth in machine power, but I have no doubt that it was felt in many a lab. Other computational scientists may have more to say on this point.